Data Security: Centralized cloud storage system does not contain a data security mechanism in its core design. Security processing, as an add-on, is implemented at application layer, file system level, network
level or physical level. It is theoretically impossible to prevent storage providers (non-data owners) from tampering with or obtaining user data.

Disaster Recovery: Centralized cloud storage system equipped with a small number of storage servers in concentrated location cannot cope with extreme destruction scenarios. The natural solution to this
problem is to increase number of storage servers and locations; however, this solution, according to the impossibility principle described by the CAP theorem, will lead to exponential increase in management costs and a sharp drop in performance.

Performance: Traditional centralized cloud storage system may cause long-tail problems of response time delay due to network jitter, resource competition, rapid load changes, software and hardware failures and etc. The recovery indicators RTO and RPO between different locations are heavily dependent on the deployment environment and hardware costs.